Pediatric Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Nowadays, endoscopic methods are frequently preferred in diagnosing and treating nasal pathologies. External open surgical approaches are more invasive than functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and available surgical interventions have high mortality and morbidity. Endoscopic methods are mainly used to diagnose and treat nasal pathologies seen in the pediatric period. Endoscopic procedures are successfully used in the treatment of many pathologies such as acute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, sinus benign tumors, skull base tumors, congenital or traumatic encephaloceles or CSF fistulas and lacrimal duct obstructions, orbital decompression, choanal atresia, subperiosteal abscesses, and so on. The paranasal sinuses reach their full adult size and complete pneumatization between the ages of 8 and 14. The maxillary sinus has grown and spread to the nasal floor. Minor changes in pneumatization and sphenoid sinus configuration are possible during the next decade. Surgical procedures for sinus surgery, particularly for the anterior ethmoid and maxillary sinuses, remain primarily stable throughout a child’s development due to the stability of the linkages between the paranasal sinuses. The procedure is technically safe for use on youngsters. The author performed endoscopic drainage of a subperiosteal abscess on a 7-week-old newborn by opening the lamina papyracea to a considerable degree. The lamina papyracea and ethmoid bulla seemed higher regarding the middle turbinate (despite the lateral nasal wall markers being in the same locations as in older children.