Radiologic Evaluation of Upper Respiratory System

Infectious diseases and obstruction of the upper airway are encountered more frequently in pediatric patients compared to adults. While the diagnosis is usually made clinically, radiological imaging methods might be implemented in the diagnosis and treatment planning due to the diversity of the symptoms and clinical findings. The radiography obtained for the relevant area can often be problem-solving. However, cross-sectional imaging as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are also essential in the proper clinical setting. While computed tomography is preferred in emergency situations due to its high temporal resolution, the most important drawback is radiation exposure. Magnetic resonance imaging provides significant contributions, particularly in the evaluation of the extension of tumoral lesions, due to its high spatial resolution. Nevertheless, as the scanning time is long, sedation or anesthesia may be required, especially in children below the age of 6. In this chapter, we aim to discuss upper airway diseases of pediatric age group with an emphasis on radiological findings.