The paper interrogates the ‘Japa’ syndrome from an overview of Nigeria’s history of migration; with emphasis on the intersection of European mercantilism engendered by territorial expansion that led to the displacement of many Nigerians to the Americas and the Caribbean. This displacement as argued, has led to the creation of Diaspora communities in the Americas, the Caribbean and Europe. Most profoundly, these communities have continued to reach out to their Homelands by various means possible. The Host communities have by extension also demonstrated cordiality which has made it possible for the émigrés to facilitate ‘travels’ to and from the Homelands. By the 1970s, however, the migration trend in Nigeria began to witness a renewed drive caused by certain “push” and “pull” syndromes associated with the Civil War, maladministration and deep-seated ethnic rivalries. In the light of the above, most Nigerians began to migrate to other regions; first within West Africa and later to the Americas, Caribbean and Europe. By the 1980s, the motivation for migration had attained a new dimension characterised by factors which were more socio-economic than politics. This has translated to the twenty-first century which has been exacerbated with new innovations in information and communication technologies (ICT’s) that have aided all forms of ‘travels’ from the homeland to all available host communities abroad. The paper will do this within the context of desk research and minimal oral interview contacts with about 20 respondents purposively selected and within the age brackets of 30 and 70 years some of whom have been in and out of Nigeria in the last 40 years. The finding will be that; the “push” and “pull” factors that motivated migration from the 1970s has not sufficiently differed from those of the year 2000s.

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“Sapa dey Hold Me; I Wan Japa”!: Interrogating the “Japa” Syndrome in Nigeria’s Migration History, 1970–2010

  • Meshach Ofuafor

摘要

The paper interrogates the ‘Japa’ syndrome from an overview of Nigeria’s history of migration; with emphasis on the intersection of European mercantilism engendered by territorial expansion that led to the displacement of many Nigerians to the Americas and the Caribbean. This displacement as argued, has led to the creation of Diaspora communities in the Americas, the Caribbean and Europe. Most profoundly, these communities have continued to reach out to their Homelands by various means possible. The Host communities have by extension also demonstrated cordiality which has made it possible for the émigrés to facilitate ‘travels’ to and from the Homelands. By the 1970s, however, the migration trend in Nigeria began to witness a renewed drive caused by certain “push” and “pull” syndromes associated with the Civil War, maladministration and deep-seated ethnic rivalries. In the light of the above, most Nigerians began to migrate to other regions; first within West Africa and later to the Americas, Caribbean and Europe. By the 1980s, the motivation for migration had attained a new dimension characterised by factors which were more socio-economic than politics. This has translated to the twenty-first century which has been exacerbated with new innovations in information and communication technologies (ICT’s) that have aided all forms of ‘travels’ from the homeland to all available host communities abroad. The paper will do this within the context of desk research and minimal oral interview contacts with about 20 respondents purposively selected and within the age brackets of 30 and 70 years some of whom have been in and out of Nigeria in the last 40 years. The finding will be that; the “push” and “pull” factors that motivated migration from the 1970s has not sufficiently differed from those of the year 2000s.