Globalization, characterized by increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among nations, has had profound implications for various aspects of society, including the rise of transnational organized crime. Nigeria, as a developing nation, has faced significant challenges in its pursuit of development amidst the complexities brought about by globalization and the detrimental influence of transnational organized crime. This paper explores the intricate relationship between globalization, transnational organized crime, and Nigeria’s development quest. The paper examine the impacts of globalization on Nigeria’s economic, social, and political spheres, with a particular focus on the activities of transnational criminal networks. The paper relies on reports and publications from government agencies, international organizations, and research institutions, as well as scholarly articles, books and research paper. It is purely an evaluative research guided by the political economy perspective and the institutional analysis theory. The paper found that, globalization has facilitated the growth of transnational crime in Nigeria, including drug and human trafficking, cybercrime, and illicit financial flow which the study concluded are all detrimental to Nigeria development and therefore undermines Nigeria’s development efforts by eroding social stability, weakening institutions, and hindering economic growth. The paper therefore recommends strengthening domestic institutions and governance mechanisms; improve international collaboration, and enhancing legislative frameworks and regulatory measure among others as a way of combating the challenges of globalization and transnational crime on Nigeria’s development quest.