Plastic polymers are a broad range of chemically synthetic inorganic and organic materials that comprise of very large molecules of repeating subunits called macromolecules. The improvement on durability of plastic polymers has increasingly popularized their relevance and consequently made them indispensable in our daily activities. The increasing production and use of plastics has constituted severe environmental pollution over the years without a corresponding method of converting them to simpler and safer products in the environment. Considering the increasing potentials of microbes in degrading certain plastic polymers, determining the mechanisms of new and existing microbial strains in biodegrading polymers is the key to ensuring environmental safety. This study considered the current knowledge on the methods of plastic polymer disposal, the factors affecting the bioremediation and biodegradation of plastics. It also looks at the step in the microbial degradation of plastics as well as the methods in testing the biodegradability in plastics polymers. The modification of the chemical structures of plastics have been suggested as a means of increasing the biodegradability of plastics