The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the entire ecosystem, directly and indirectly. The surge in single-use plastics and medical waste, a response to the pandemic, has strained global healthcare waste management systems, posing threats to human and environmental well-being. The pandemic has generated over eight million tons of plastic waste globally, presenting a major challenge in its handling. Despite being crucial for virus protection, only about 10% of the plastic waste is effectively recycled, with approximately 22% inadequately managed. The dual challenge of medical and social plastic waste requires comprehensive actions throughout the plastic life cycle, including preventing leakage, investing in robust waste management, and transitioning to a circular economy. With only a fraction effectively recycled, there’s a pressing need for policies at national and international levels to integrate existing strategies, focusing on waste reduction and improved recycling. Successful waste treatment solutions demand supportive government policies, responsible consumer behavior, and coordinated efforts among society, government, researchers, and industrialists.