Application of CW-MFC to Mitigate Water Pollution and Resource Recovery

Constructed wetland–microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) technology represents an innovative and sustainable approach to address two pressing environmental challenges simultaneously: water pollution mitigation and resource recovery. This book chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the utilizationof CW-MFC systems in the context of environmental remediation and wastewater treatment. The chapter begins by introducing the fundamental concepts of both microbial fuel cells and constructed wetlands, highlighting their capabilities in energy generation and pollutant removal. It then explores the synergistic integration of these two technologies within the CW-MFC framework, elucidating the intricate interactions between the biological, electrochemical, and chemical processes that underpin their functionality. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the mechanisms of pollutant removal within CW-MFCs, emphasizing the roles of microbial communities in breaking down organic matter, nutrient removal, and metal immobilization. It also explores the potential for resource recovery in the aspect of electricity generation and the production of value-added byproducts. Additionally, the chapter addresses challenges, future research directions, and the regulatory framework surrounding CW-MFCs, emphasizing the need for continued innovation and widespread adoption.