Enhancing Olive Oil Mill Wastewater Treatment via Coagulation Process Optimization: Leveraging Moringa oleifera as a Natural Coagulant, with CCD-RSM Integration for Improved Efficiency

An optimization study using composite central designs, responce surface methodology, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to treat olive oil mill wastewater using Moringa oleifera. This study uses the natural coagulant Moringa oleifera, to explore the coagulation-based treatment of OMW. Process optimization is accomplished by combining the response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). This process examines at four factors: pH, agitation speed, duration, and concentration of Moringa oléifera, in order to determine the relationship between Turbidity, COD, and polyphenols. The models’ significance is verified by the ANOVA. The study's highly adjusted coefficient of determination (R2Adj = 86.73%, R2Adj = 90.39%, and R2Adj = 93.33% for turbidity, COD, and polyphenols, respectively) indicates a strong model fit. Moreover, the following conditions are shown to be optimal for achieving effective OMW purification with Moringa oleifera: Moringa oleifera concentration [Mo] = 65 g/L, pH = 6, agitation time (St) = 25 min, and speed (Ss) = 35 rpm. Turbidity removal efficiency is 96%, COD removal efficiency is 88%, and polyphenol removal efficiency is 86% at these optimal conditions. To sum up, this method provides a practical way for addressing the environmental issues that OMW raises.