A Systematic Review of Parametric Design for 4D Printed Metamaterial Structures

The fusion of 4D printing with metamaterials introduces a revolutionary approach in engineering design, by adding time as a dimension to three-dimensional objects that undergo negative shape transformation (e.g., negative Poisson’s ratio, negative stiffness) in response to external stimuli. This advancement, coupled with parametric design, provides opportunities for dynamic, responsive materials capable of significant impacts across various sectors. Parametric design should facilitate the modeling of the precise control of material behavior through sophisticated computational techniques. Proper understanding of parametric design for 4D printed metamaterial structures is vital to address such challenges of understanding and predictability in response to stimuli, fabrication limitations, and the exploration of new materials. Throughout a comprehensive systematic literature review, this study provides an in-depth analysis of the parametric intersection between structural characteristics, material properties, and fabrication techniques, offering valuable insights for research in the field of 4D printed metamaterials and the structure design.