Online health misinformation has become a more significant concern in recent years, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. This has led to a pressing need to reduce its negative impact, such as decreasing trust and readership on online media and increased likelihood of social instability during the pandemic. Focusing on healthcare misinformation, we propose a theoretical model that explains the internal and external factors that influence the ability to distinguish healthcare misinformation. This model will be tested in future research, and it is hoped that we can advance theoretical understanding of misinformation and provide practical implications for both online media outlets and governments.