Nano-hydroxyapatite and Their Nanocomposites for Bone and Dental Tissue Regeneration

HydroxyapatiteHydroxyapatite is an extensively studied material in dental bone tissue regeneration due to its biocompatibility and also mimics the natural function of bone. Several studies suggest that nano-structured hydroxyapatiteHydroxyapatite (nHA) can induce osteoblast cell adhesion and protein adsorptions and also addition of nHA in the composite biomaterials significantly increases the mechanical strength (compressive, tensile, and flexural strength). Certain natural resources, including mammalian bone, aquatic sources, shell sources, and minerals, are widely used to produce HA. In the current review, we aimed to provide the preparative and isolation procedures of nHA and their chemical characterizations. Biocomposites made up of nHA containing chitosan, silica, zirconia, and coating with titanium implants will be discussed. The addition of second component system in nHA significantly increases the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. nHA will be excellent biomaterials in the form of nanocomposites with the addition of second component and potentially useful for dental bone tissue regeneration applications.