Between Religion and Politics: Constructing an Apolitical Sphere after the 1848–1849 German Revolutions
摘要
After the 1848–1849 revolutions, politically engaged Germans had to navigate a new system in which the conceptual and legal boundaries between religion and politics had significant consequences for public life. This chapter offers a discourse analysis of the ensuing debate on these boundaries, focusing on anticlerical dissidents and conservatives from both Protestant and Catholic denominations. It argues that actors across the ideological spectrum employed a dual strategy of depoliticisation in their attempt to control the narrative surrounding the boundaries between politics and religion. On the one hand, both dissidents and Christian conservatives distanced themselves from ‘politics’, portraying themselves as defenders of a collective moral compass beyond dispute. On the other hand, they also depoliticised their rivals’ worldviews by framing them as politically irrelevant. This dynamic illustrates how depoliticisation can be used as a political strategy to shift or redefine the boundaries of the political in order to gatekeep channels of influence. Beyond its tangible effect on legal freedoms and political censorship, this rhetorical war was waged over the capacity of societal actors to exert public influence through church services, schools, universities, and informal gatherings and associations—a struggle that would culminate in Bismarck’s Kulturkampf within a few decades, entrenching power relations that would shape German society for generations to come.