The study focuses on the migration of Christian and Jewish women to early Modern Period Prague during the sixteenth century and issues relating to the manner and extent of their integration into local urban society and to their application in the economy. It is within this context that attention is also paid to the legislative conditions and restrictions under which Christian and Jewish women in Prague were able to devote themselves to these activities. Christian migrants, both women and men, who settled in the Prague towns during the sixteenth century belonged to various social groups and their life conditions and opportunities therefore differed in their new home. For these reasons, the study is aimed directly at economically active migrant women who, alone or with their families, devoted themselves to craft, trade, or finance. Early Modern Period society in Prague was also home to a Jewish community, whose members played an important role in business and finance in the city. At the same time, the study analyses the main causes of migration processes among the Jewish population at the end of the fifteenth century and during the sixteenth century, which partly differed from those that motivated Christians to migrate. In this context, particular attention is paid to the Jewish women who came to Prague's Jewish quarter, in that we also map out the labour mobility of other Jewish women in Prague who were involved in finance and long-distance, cross-border trade.