This monograph examines the limitations of current WTO rules in supporting the SDGs. While WTO agreements touch on various sustainability issues, they fall short of providing a comprehensive framework for sustainable development. The monograph contends that existing rules excessively limit members’ regulatory policy space and proposes replacing the necessity test with a sustainability test. This new test would prioritise sustainable development values over trade concerns, ensuring that domestic regulations align with the SDGs and balance different sustainable development interests. Additionally, this monograph advocates for incorporating trade-related sustainable development commitments and the sustainability test into the WTO framework. It also offers recommendations for formalising these efforts through the establishment of a sustainable development club within the WTO.