The threat is the degree of possible damage to a person, property and the environment due to the destruction of structures and technical devices, explosion and the release of hazardous substances. An analysis of modern methods of risk assessment and decision-making, under conditions of uncertainty, showed that different authors consider the term “risk” differently. Most often, the concept of risk is associated with the probability of an undesirable event occurring. The consequence of a threat is a risk, which with a certain degree of probability can lead to both negative and positive consequences, but the negative consequences are followed by danger and threat. Geoinformation technology is considered to be the most up-to-date method for identifying and eliminating accidents that may occur in pipelines carrying oil and oil products. The programming models the location of potential accidents in pipelines carrying oil and petroleum products. Based on the results of modeling, the probability of accidents decreases, the time and costs spent on their elimination are reduced to a minimum. In order to effectively eliminate pollution of the environment with oil hydrocarbons, regulatory and legal acts have been adopted for departments and organizations engaged in oil extraction, transportation, processing and export. To protect water bodies from hydrocarbon pollution, various methods are used—localization (prevention of spread), pneumatic barriers, earthen dams, hydraulic seals, burning of oil curtains on the water surface, sorbents and dispersants. To eliminate the accident in this phase and limit the severity of its consequences, the forces and means of the services of regional and local bodies of the Ministry for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations should be introduced. To predict the possibility of major accidents, predict the scenario for the development of the consequences of a possible accident, as well as to build their typical models in the sequence of development of emergencies, five typical phases can be distinguished.