The fast expansion and development of industry have exposed our planet to several forms of pollution and contamination. However, in many aspects of daily life, like the creation of electricity and the treatment of illnesses, industries are contributing to the improvement of the human lifestyle. Meanwhile, industrial waste is a significant contributor to environmental contamination, which in turn is hazardous to all forms of life. Energy and power production has emerged as a prominent area of study globally due to the diminishing availability of renewable energy sources. Nuclear power has great potential as a solution to the world’s energy problems, but there is a major catch: dealing with radioactive waste, emissions, and effluent is a major headache for the nuclear industry. The last 60 years of nuclear power throughout the world have contaminated enormous areas with radioactive waste. To achieve a pollution-free environment and prevent illnesses to living organisms via different cleanup procedures, it is crucial to carefully handle radioactive waste. Various physical, chemical, and biological approaches to radioactive waste treatment were covered in this paper. One promising method for dealing with radioactive waste is bioremediation. We also spoke about how phytoremediation and microbial transformation have recently emerged as important tools in the fight against radioactive waste.