The increasing concern over radioactive pollutants requires the development of effective treatment methods to mitigate their environmental and human health impacts. Physical methods involve processes such as precipitation, filtration, and ion exchange, which can effectively remove radioactive contaminants. Chemical treatments, such as oxidation–reduction, and pH adjustment, offer additional means to enhance the removal efficiency of specific radionuclides. Biological techniques, such as phytoremediation and bioremediation, deep geological disposal and use of plants or microorganisms metabolic processes to break down, change, or immobilize radioactive contaminants in soil and water environments. These eco-friendly methods show effectiveness for the long-term maintenance of contaminated areas. The selection of appropriate treatment methods depends on factors such as the nature of the radioactive contaminants, site-specific conditions, regulatory requirements, and cost considerations. This article discusses on the various treatment methods involved in treating the harmful radioactive pollutants.