A huge quantity of radioactive waste has been generated worldwide in environment due to variety of operational activities including nuclear reactors, nuclear weapons testing, mining operations, nuclear waste from medical and other industrial actions. The exposure to this radioactive waste causes serious health impacts which ultimately leads to the death of individuals. The only reliable and sustainable method for the treatment of this radioactive waste is through the process of bioremediation which further involves the usage of biological agents especially microbes. Microbes due to their wide endogenous genetic, biochemical and physiological properties makes them suitable candidates for developing an effective treatment technology for radioactive waste.