The use of nanomaterials is considered an essential tool for practical applications of future generations. The quality of human life is greatly enhanced by the widespread use of radioactive materials in industry, medicine, and power generation. However, these uses also produce large amounts of radioactive waste, which needs to be avoided, reduced, or eliminated in order to prevent environmental contamination. As a result, numerous strategies, techniques, and materials are created to handle radiochemical waste. Innovative approaches in radioactive waste management and the use of the latest engineered nanomaterials explored efficient prevention, minimization, and removal of radiochemical waste. Numerous nanoparticles have been documented in the literature for the purpose of eliminating pollutants, and contaminants from the environment. These nanomaterials are then evaluated for their viability in the treatment of radioactive waste. This chapter summarizes the benefits of advanced nanomaterials, recent progress in research, and demonstration of ongoing research worldwide in this field.