Leadership Styles and Their Impact on Decision-Making

The democratic leadership style of Angela Merkel and Mark Rutte proved particularly effective throughout negotiations in the financial and debt crisis, while the affiliative leadership style of Werner Faymann was useful for bringing austerity and growth camps closer together. The inclusive democratic leadership style of Angela Merkel was key in the Ukraine crisis for ensuring the adoption and prolongation of sanctions, seconded by Mark Rutte using the same leadership style and by Dalia Grybauskaitė, motivating her peers through her narratives. While the visionary leadership style of Angela Merkel and Werner Faymann proved ineffective, Mark Rutte and his democratic leadership style achieved the Türkiye deal and the coercive leadership style of Viktor Orbán halted the creation of a joint solution on migration.