Advanced Noninvasive Techniques and eDNA in Biomonitoring of Arctic Marine Organisms

 The rapid decline of Arctic sea ice cover, driven by climate warming, has far-reaching consequences for marine organisms and ecosystem integrity. As anthropogenic activities expand into the Arctic Ocean, effective biomonitoring is crucial for understanding and mitigating the impacts of human activities and climate change. Advances in tracking temporal variability and environmental pressures in Arctic marine ecosystems are reviewed in this chapter. We highlight the potential of photogrammetry, drone technology, stable isotope analysis, thermal imaging, acoustic telemetry, and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis for large-scale, continuous, and non-invasive monitoring. Integration of these innovative approaches can enhance our understanding of Arctic marine ecosystems, providing critical insights for informed conservation and management strategies.