The burgeoning scientific discipline of archaeoseismology is the interdisciplinary study of—prehistoric to recent—earthquakes through a range of evidence in the archaeological record, from structural damage to manmade structures to changes in the cultural fabric of a society. The identification of potential earthquake archaeological effects in archaeological contexts is a first step in the archaeoseismological endavour. Relating these effects unambiguously to earthquakes remains challenging to archaeoseismologists, both in space and time. In common with paleoseismology, archaeoseismology aims at parameterizing ancient earthquakes and thus completing the earthquake catalogue of a region. New interdisciplinary developments in quantitative archaeoseismology turn archaeological sites into seismoscopes, becoming testing grounds to quantitatively assess site-specific ground motion effects. In common with archaeology, archaeoseismology aims at understanding the relationship between earthquakes and ancient societies. Learning about the earthquake culture of our ancestors may eventually serve as an impetus to establish and foster local earthquake cultures in earthquake-prone regions.