Chemical synthesis offers the possibility to produce different base chemicals and synthetic fuels from various carbon sources. In particular, the formation of synthesis gas from green hydrogen produced through electrolysis using renewable energy and CO2 stemming from sources such as flue gases or direct air capture (DAC) are currently being broadly discussed as a promising source for the production of synthetic fuels. However, the required electrolyzer capacity for the production of synthetic fuels is linked to high capital expenditure and renewable energy from wind and solar power is subject to volatility. These present challenges to the economic viability of e-fuel production, particularly in areas with comparatively high levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). In this contribution, we provide a technological overview of different production pathways of electricity-based synthetic fuels (e-fuels) and perform a techno-economic evaluation of e-fuel production. Costs below €2 /l for e-fuels are only achievable in areas where renewable energy is available at full load over longer periods of time, and where overall costs of renewable electricity are below €0.03/kWh. While these conditions are not met in Germany, Chile has high potential for renewable electricity and could become a key global player in the production of e-fuels and green chemicals.