The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Data on Political Power and Geopolitical Equilibria

Artificial intelligence has a transformative impact on geopolitical equilibria and political power. This chapter examines the historical and contemporary significance of information management, from Cold War-era decisions to modern cyberwarfare. It highlights how AI and data proliferation have reshaped strategic decision-making and power dynamics. Case studies, such as Russia’s information threats against Italy, illustrate the new dimensions of cyber conflict. This chapter also explores legal frameworks like the EU’s GDPR and AI Act, emphasizing the need for balanced data governance. It proposes enhancing technological infrastructure, regulatory measures, and digital literacy to ensure digital sovereignty and security. Through these insights, this chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of AI’s role in global power structures.