Source-Linked Water Distribution Emergency Hydraulic Response Measures

As climate change advances, harmful algal blooms (HABs) are becoming prominent factors in water supply emergencies across the world, particularly during summers. Proliferation of HABs can make water sources temporarily unsuitable for water provision. These water supply emergencies worsen living conditions and can limit industrial and commercial activities, particularly those of greenhouse horticulture that have massive water dependency. This study investigates the effectiveness of hydraulic response measures in providing adequate water supply during such emergency periods. Different emergency scenarios were devised and applied, along with response measures, to a benchmark water distribution system (WDS) model to establish a relationship between response measures and longevity of water supply. EPANET, an open source WDS modelling software, was used to modify the WDS and to simulate the effects of the response measures. Results from this study will help water utilities to prepare and plan for such emergencies.