Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent worldwide. Eye tracking technology has emerged as a promising tool in studying the complex cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms underlying numerous psychiatric disorders including SUDs. Eye movement abnormalities are associated with changes in activity in reward-related regions of the brain that are involved in the pathophysiology of SUDs. Research in eye movement abnormalities in SUDs suggest their potential role as a noninvasive neurophysiological marker that uncovers attentional biases, craving responses, and cognitive deficits. Key findings in the current literature include increased visual attention to substance-related cues that has been shown to be associated with increased craving and relapse risk for disorders of cannabis, alcohol, nicotine, stimulant, and opioid use. Future eye tracking research in SUDs may involve longitudinal studies in various age groups, in high-risk groups, and combining eye tracking with biological/physiological/radiological biomarkers for treatment and prevention strategies.