This chapter explores the use of arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) in rat models of psychopathology and psychopharmacological interventions. It provides a comprehensive overview of ASL as a non-invasive technique that uses blood as an endogenous tracer, offering high-quality perfusion images without the need for contrast agents. The chapter emphasizes ASL’s utility in assessing microvascular CBF changes in various experimental conditions, including pharmacological manipulations and rodent models of psychiatric disorders. It discusses critical aspects of experimental design, including the choice of animal models, strain selection, and control of variables such as stress and circadian rhythms. The chapter also highlights the translational potential of ASL in neuropsychiatric research, particularly in understanding disease mechanisms and evaluating treatment effects. Ultimately, ASL MRI is presented as a valuable tool for preclinical research with significant implications for clinical applications.