Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex mental health issue marked by persistent thoughts and repetitive actions. Research has identified potential genetic factors contributing to OCD susceptibility, including genes encoding histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDAC genes regulate chromatin structure and gene expression, playing crucial roles in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of HDAC activity has been implicated in various psychiatric disorders, including OCD. Studies investigating the association between HDAC genes and OCD have revealed alterations in HDAC expression levels and activity in OCD patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, animal models targeting HDACs have provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying OCD pathophysiology. Understanding the interplay between OCD and HDAC genes may offer novel therapeutic avenues, potentially leading to the development of targeted treatments for this debilitating disorder. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact role of HDACs in OCD etiology and translate these findings into clinical interventions.