Around 69% of kidney replacement therapy and 89% of dialysis worldwide are provided by hemodialysis (HD), making it the most widely used kind of kidney replacement therapy. Dialysis technology and patient access to treatment have come a long way in the past 60 years from the beginning of HD, especially in high-income nations. However, there are significant regional variations in HD availability, accessibility, cost, and results. In addition, rates of morbidity, death, and reduced quality of life are often high. Over two-thirds of HD patients have cardiovascular disease, which also causes the majority of morbidity and nearly half of deaths. Over two-thirds of HD patients have cardiovascular illness, which also causes the majority of morbidity and nearly half of deaths. Furthermore, people with HD frequently experience significant financial pressure in addition to having a high symptom burden. Even with all of the technological and delivery system advancements that have occurred since HD was initially established, the treatment’s dismal results for patients still pose a serious threat to public health. It is consequently essential to comprehend the epidemiology of HD outcomes, the reasons for their potential variation among populations, and strategies for improving them; yet, this objective is complicated by the significant variations in the tracking and reporting of these outcomes in various contexts. Evaluation of health-related quality of life is a useful research technique for determining the efficacy of therapeutic interventions, patient survival, and hospitalizations, as well as a prognostic indication of the disease’s course. In the general population, COVID-19 is a highly contagious illness with an unpredictable outcome. Hemodialysis patients are more susceptible to contracting an infectious illness, yet it is still unknown how often COVID-19 is in this patient population and how well they will fare. Numerous healthcare institutions, especially those that treat patients with end-stage renal illness, encountered difficulties during the pandemic keeping personnel and patients safe while still delivering treatment. Patients on continuous dialysis are more vulnerable to serious consequences from COVID-19 infections. Due to their higher comorbidities and requirement to attend healthcare facilities often even during pandemic circumstances, hemodialysis users are among the most susceptible patient populations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Also, it has been amply shown that COVID-19-related severe to deadly illnesses have a significant death rate among hemodialysis patients during their initial hospital stay. While the functional loss and weariness following severe infections are not new phenomena, several long-term COVID-19 effects have garnered attention due to their persistence even after discharge.