This chapter investigates the role of osteoporosis in cognitive aging, exploring the underlying mechanisms and shared risk factors. The chapter highlights key factors such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune system dysregulation, which contribute to both cognitive decline and osteoporosis. The evidence suggests that these biological processes are interconnected, influencing the progression of both conditions. The findings underscore the importance of further research to develop targeted interventions that address these shared pathways, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals affected by both osteoporosis and cognitive decline.