Poststroke cognitive impairment is one of the major consequences of stroke and has a significant impact on the quality of life of stroke survivors (Al-Qazzaz et al., Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 10:1677–1691, 2014). Cognitive impairments, interchangeably known as “cognitive deficits,” remain underdiagnosed and lead to a poor prognosis poststroke (Dhakal and Bobrin, Cognitive deficits. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, 2020). This chapter will provide an overview and impact of cognitive impairments that are commonly associated with acquired brain injury, with special emphasis on stroke. In addition, this chapter explores common poststroke cognitive impairments, including executive function deficits, memory impairment, unilateral spatial neglect, and apraxia. These impairments intertwine, compounding challenges in daily activities and resulting in social repercussions and reduced participation (Stolwyk et al., Stroke 52:748–760, 2021). This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive guide to understanding cognitive impairments and their functional consequences and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of care strategies for better cognitive recovery poststroke.