Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic and disabling diseases, most often diagnosed in the second and third decades of life and affecting up to 1% of the world’s population. They can best be understood through the biopsychosocial framework given the strong connection between the brain and gut, high mental health comorbidity, and the importance of lifelong disease self-management skills that drive outcomes. Expanding on the biopsychosocial model to include positive psychology principles such as resilience, optimism, and disease acceptance, this chapter evaluates risk and protective factors in the care of patients living with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.