This section aims to provide current literature and fundamental information on fears and fear-related behaviors such as kinesiophobia, cogniphobia, and fear of falling. Specifically, we examined the relationships between these fears and neurological diseases. Kinesiophobia refers to the fear that a certain movement will exacerbate existing symptoms or trigger their onset. On the other hand, cogniphobia involves individuals avoiding specific activities due to the belief that engaging in them will mentally exhaust them. Fear of falling primarily arises from previous falling incidents and is experienced by individuals due to the influence of various functional and cognitive factors. Clinicians frequently observe these syndromes in neurological disorders. These syndromes complicate rehabilitation interventions and the multidisciplinary treatment of the disease, thereby diminishing the quality of life for individuals. Identifying fear-related behaviors and syndromes, determining associated factors, and evaluating them accurately will have positive effects on individuals’ rehabilitation process, disease prognosis, and overall well-being.