While there are numerous methods of assessing psychosocial functioning in the cleft patient population, this chapter delves into five main domains, including self-esteem and body image, social interaction and peer relationships, psychological well-being and emotional health, school experiences and behavioral adjustment, and stigma and societal factors. Additionally, this chapter highlights key challenges across the life span of cleft patients. Although prevailing research often emphasizes the challenges faced by individuals with clefts, including reduced self-esteem, social interaction difficulties, heightened susceptibility to depression and anxiety, and increased social stigma, emerging studies suggest that these individuals may experience comparable behavioral outcomes and perceive a similar quality of life to those without clefts. Keeping in mind the social model of disability in addition to the medical model, healthcare providers and clinical researchers have a duty to not only focus on the deficits and struggles of patients, but also existing strategies for resiliency, advocacy, and community building.