This chapter explains how two loosely organized policy alliances structure the politics of racial division in the United States in the twentieth-first century. The protect alliance works to revive a vision of the United States as a primarily Christian white nation with limits on immigration and a policy agenda opposed to such instruments of racial equity as affirmative action. It has a strong evangelical base, opposes the teaching of critical race theory, and opposes the regulation of guns. Some of its supporters overlap with militias. The repair alliance commits to a multicultural and diverse vision of American identity, supports active federal government engagement in the promotion of racial equity and argue that the scale of systemic racism requires some form of reparations. The protect agenda has achieved significant legislative support since 2000 and a series of Supreme Court decisions—overturning affirmative action, ending the mandatory integration of public schools for example—makes this alliance the more influential one in contemporary politics. Pro civil rights groups align the Movement for Black Lives and the reform of criminal justice. The level of conflict between protect and repair alliances on occasions stems into political violence.