The environment and human health are put at risk by heavy metal pollution. The production of charcoal-like material from biomass pyrolysis, known as biochar, has shown promise as an environmentally acceptable method of cleaning up these contaminants. The methods by which biochar sorbs heavy metals are examined in this paper. These mechanisms include the material’s high porosity and surface area, the presence of functional groups that facilitate complexation and electrostatic interactions, its capacity for cation exchange, and its potential for metal precipitation. The effectiveness of biochar is influenced by a number of variables, including feedstock composition, temperature during pyrolysis, pH of the solution, starting metal concentration, and competing ions. Compared to conventional techniques, biochar has a number of benefits, such as being more affordable, having the capacity to remove certain heavy metals selectively, being sustainable since it uses renewable feedstocks, and having positive effects on the environment through waste management and carbon sequestration. Applying biochar can also enhance the quality of the soil. But there are still difficulties. Careful assessment of the feedstock, pyrolysis conditions, and potential alterations is necessary to optimize the characteristics of biochar for particular pollutants. For adsorbed metals to stay immobilized, biochar’s environmental stability over time is essential. To evaluate any unexpected environmental effects of using biochar, more investigation is required. The present analysis underscores the promise of biochar as a beneficial instrument for heavy metal cleanup, while also recognizing the necessity for more investigation and advancement to maximize its effectiveness and tackle current obstacles.