Over the last century, large herbivore migrations have been declining globally. This resulted from socioeconomic development associated with habitat fragmentation and loss and climate-related decline in the availability of key seasonal resources required to maintain large-scale migrations. It is therefore critical to document and protect the remaining migratory routes in northern Botswana and elsewhere. Movement data from satellite and GPS-enabled collars deployed on different zebra Equus quagga populations and published data on collared zebra populations in northern Botswana were analyzed, and the possible impacts of climate change on their movements were reviewed and explored. Our synthesis demonstrates seasonal movement patterns by plains zebra in northern Botswana, where four distinct zebra migratory routes have been identified. This synthesis demonstrated that large herbivore migrations are triggered by the need for high-quality forage to support growth and reproduction in the wet season and then a need for reserves of adequate-quality forage during the dry season. To conserve migratory zebra populations from being pushed into small populations, through the impacts of climate change, free movements along their migratory routes should be maintained to enhance access to seasonal ranges. This will promote genetic diversity across populations.

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Mechanisms Underlying Ungulate Migration in African Savannas: Insights from Plains Zebra (Equus quagga) Migrations in Botswana and the Implications for Conservation Under Climate Change

  • Keoikantse Sianga,
  • Mpaphi C. Bonyongo,
  • Richard W. S. Fynn

摘要

Over the last century, large herbivore migrations have been declining globally. This resulted from socioeconomic development associated with habitat fragmentation and loss and climate-related decline in the availability of key seasonal resources required to maintain large-scale migrations. It is therefore critical to document and protect the remaining migratory routes in northern Botswana and elsewhere. Movement data from satellite and GPS-enabled collars deployed on different zebra Equus quagga populations and published data on collared zebra populations in northern Botswana were analyzed, and the possible impacts of climate change on their movements were reviewed and explored. Our synthesis demonstrates seasonal movement patterns by plains zebra in northern Botswana, where four distinct zebra migratory routes have been identified. This synthesis demonstrated that large herbivore migrations are triggered by the need for high-quality forage to support growth and reproduction in the wet season and then a need for reserves of adequate-quality forage during the dry season. To conserve migratory zebra populations from being pushed into small populations, through the impacts of climate change, free movements along their migratory routes should be maintained to enhance access to seasonal ranges. This will promote genetic diversity across populations.