Flex2TRL: A Study Tool to Evaluate the LoRaWAN Covering Range Based on RSSI

In the rapidly evolving domain of the Internet of Things (IoT), ensuring extensive and reliable network coverage remains a formidable challenge, particularly in urban environments characterized by complex topographies and dense infrastructural layouts. This study introduces Flex2TRL, an innovative tool designed to evaluate the coverage range of LoRaWAN networks based on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) metrics. Through a comprehensive series of field tests conducted in the city of Auch, France, we investigate the impact of urban features, such as building density and elevation, on LoRaWAN signal propagation and network reliability. Flex2TRL, a device specifically engineered for this purpose, facilitates the empirical assessment of LoRaWAN coverage by dynamically adjusting transmission parameters in response to environmental conditions. This approach allows for the identification of optimal antenna placements and network configurations, aiming to maximize coverage while minimizing the need for extensive infrastructural investments. Our findings reveal significant variations in LoRaWAN coverage, influenced by the physical and architectural characteristics of the urban landscape. The study demonstrates the critical role of strategic planning and adaptive technologies in overcoming the inherent limitations of traditional network deployment strategies in complex urban settings.