Male Effect During In Vitro Production of Bovine Embryos

The maternal contribution to fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy success is undeniable. However, the role of the male in the reproductive outcome, extending beyond genetic material delivery, has only recently gained adequate attention, particularly over the past two decades. This chapter delves into the growing recognition of the male contribution, exploring current trends in bovine in vitro embryo production considering that currently, the number of embryos obtained worldwire by this reproductive biotechnology exceeds those obtained from artificial insemination. This chapter places special emphasis on understanding how sperm origin, quality, and selection methods impact reproductive success. With the rise of in vitro embryo production in the cattle industry, grasping the intricacies of sperm sensitivity to environmental factors and culture conditions becomes paramount. Moreover, the chapter underscores the pivotal role of paternal factors in embryo development, scrutinizing how sperm-borne elements influence gamete interaction, fertilization, and subsequent embryo viability. By delving into these dynamics, this chapter offers insights crucial for optimizing assisted reproductive technologies in bovine breeding programs, with potential implications for other species, including humans.