Thermomechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Structures

The process of additive manufacturing, commonly referred to as 3D printing, is a novel and innovative manufacturing technique that fundamentally differs from conventional manufacturing techniques, thereby opening up entirely novel avenues for research and industry. In contrast to conventional procedures, the components are not generated by removing material, but rather by progressively adding it layer by layer. This leads to a significant degree of flexibility and design freedom, especially in the production of prototypes and, increasingly, in series production in various branches of industry. When metals are used in additive manufacturing, they are usually brought into the desired shape through local melting. This leads to elevated temperatures and significant thermal gradients. To guarantee the highest level of quality and process stability, it is imperative to document these aspects throughout the process, utilizing thermography, for instance. The cooling rates and temperature levels utilized in the process have an impact on the mechanical, thermal, and material characteristics of the components. They are also noticeable after the process due to residual stresses and distortions in the components. This is of utmost significance when it pertains to the construction of lightweight structures. Lightweight construction is an attempt to reduce material consumption and material waste to save costs and retain functions. By pursuing this approach, design and production transcend the boundaries of physics. Existing component structures are often optimized for greater performance. Additive manufacturing presents new opportunities and challenges. However, components and structures must adhere to certain rules. These rules can relate to the process itself, such as the exposure strategy, or to the pre-process, such as the position and alignment of the components.