This chapter discusses how the needle-sharp and (counter)culture-bound satire of underground cartoonists reached the Italian context, providing the first scholarly account of the comix phenomenon in Italy. Comix started being published in Italy as early as 1968 and the latest volume collecting underground works was published in November 2022. Since the beginning, both mainstream and alternative publishers have shown an interest in the works of the most prolific underground authors (Robert Crumb and Gilbert Shelton), while other authors (S. Clay Wilson, Greg Irons, Tom Veitch, Roberta Gregory, Trina Robbins, among others) remained bound to the underground circuit. Gathering the translated texts together had its challenges, for example in the case of early publications by alternative houses and short-lived editorial projects. The research involved fieldwork in libraries, private collections, archives, and foundations. Details of the different publications (anthologies, magazines, fanzines) are provided, together with information on the different publishing houses, editorial policies, the period, and the context in which underground works were translated into Italian. In this multifaceted scenario, issues related to the different statuses of comics in Italy as well as to the different cultures, audiences, and types of publishers are introduced—all elements which, in the following chapters, are shown to affect the translation process and outcomes on many levels. The result is a comprehensive account of all the Italian translations of underground comix within the alternative and mainstream circuits. This chapter also gives additional details about the subsequent procedures of translation analysis, including parallel readings, thematic nuclei selection, and qualitative analyses of how these were affected by the translation process.