This introductory chapter situates the book’s focus and clarifies its main objectives. It discusses how underground ‘comix’—i.e., a wave of satirical, countercultural comics produced in the US during the 1960s–1970s—are currently witnessing a period of re-discovery worldwide, with an increase in the number of translations even by mainstream publishing houses. The chapter highlights how, in the wake of such a growing interest in comix, the volume aims to investigate the transfer of these controversial works into the Italian context. It stresses how the cultural value of underground works has often been neglected and the volume represents a chance to investigate US comix from a translational point of view. This enables us to lay the foundations for a reflection on the complex dynamics between translation, satire, and sedition. The chapter also orientates the reader by outlining the book’s organisation and summarising its subsequent chapters. In so doing, it shows how the manifold hermeneutic process which shaped the image of underground comix is reconstructed throughout the volume and provides information on how the data for this study were collected and systematised.