Ultrasonic Inspection Using Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD)
摘要
The ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) method provides a means for measuring the height of planar flaws. Compared with purely reflection-based techniques, the TOFD method, which is based upon diffraction as well as reflection, is less sensitive to the orientation of the discontinuity. TOFD is generally recognised as the most accurate ultrasonic technique for measuring the height of embedded planar flaws (e.g., cracks, lack of fusion, etc., oriented perpendicular to the surface and at intermediate angles of tilt).