The paper focuses on the resistance of rocks to fast-flowing liquids using a well-established method of accelerated hydro-abrasive-cavitation simulation based on special application of abrasive water jets. Erosion resistance was tested on large samples of nine rock types from various quarries in Czechia (granite, gneiss, basalt, granodiorites, metabasites and marbles). New surfaces created after the application of simulative erosion flows were analysed and their texture was described. Relationships between the erosion resistance of rocks and their selected properties (i.e. compression and flexural tensile strengths, abrasiveness and abrasivity) were studied. It has been found that erosion resistance of rocks tested on the hydro-abrasive erosion differs significantly and is closely related to the mineral composition and internal rock structure. Basalt was proved to be the most resistant, followed by metabasites, fine-grained Litice Granodiorite, coarse-grained granite, gneiss, both marbles and fine-grained Silesian Granodiorite. No relationship was found between the observed properties of rocks and their resistance to the accelerated hydro-abrasive-cavitation erosion. The method developed by the authors is unique, enabling quick analysis of erosion resistance of various materials to fast-flowing liquids. The paper provides with new knowledge on behaviour and resistance of rock interacting with fast-flowing liquids related to their structure and properties, which has not been studied so far.