Assessing Global Wildfires Scope: Subsequent Challenges and Calls for Action in Social Issues and Mental Health

Over the past years, the extension of wildfires has affected developed and developing countries alike, with the effects being pronounced by climate change. The proportion of areas burnt globally is twice the size of Mexico or almost 50% of the Brazilian territory, representing nearly 3% of the total land area of the Earth. In this chapter, the incidences of wildfires worldwide are presented, while considering the impact and pathways of intervention at the social and mental health levels. Emphasis is given to the mechanisms underlying the somatization of psychological symptoms caused by air pollution inhalation. As a consequence of wildfires, many people suffer important sequelae. The losses of houses and businesses generate the need for displacement, whereas emerging social issues force people to alter personal, professional and social aspects of their lives. Research has shown that wildfire air pollution can contribute to stress, depression, and suicidal ideation, highlighting the importance of initiatives to address these adversities. Within this scope, climate change literacy interventions are paramount, as well as investing funds to implement evidence-based strategies to protect forests. Simultaneously, social and psychological support for affected individuals is required, along with effective public health policies that promote planetary health and sustainable lifestyles.