Extreme Minimum Air Temperatures as a Factor Limiting the Development of Viticulture in the Krasnodar Region

Climate is one of the limiting factors in the development of viticulture, especially extreme air temperatures. For the selection of the assortment and culture of grape plantations (non-covered or covered), the assessment of the risks of viticulture by minimum temperatures is of particular importance. The risks of viticulture development in modern climatic conditions are estimated for the Krasnodar region, according to generally accepted indicators (absolute minimum temperature, average absolute minimum, frequency of minimum temperatures and the average temperature of the coldest month). There is a decrease in the value of the absolute minimum temperature in 1991–2020 compared with the values of 1961–1990 with an increase in the average values of the absolute minimum temperature (with some exceptions on the Black Sea coast); an increase in the frequency of critical temperatures in the north of the Black Sea and coastal parts of the Western agroecological zones of viticulture with a general tendency to decrease in frequency; an increase in the average temperature of the coldest month. The general warming trend leads to an increase in the extreme of the Krasnodar region climate, especially in the warmest areas (the transition zone from a moderate climate to a subtropical one), which is important for the selection of the assortment and grape culture. The study is characterized by novelty in the field of analysis and established changes in the habitat of grapes based on the use of the modern climatological period 1991–2020 to assess the climatic risks of grape cultivation.