Critical Analysis of Current Tools and Techniques in Exploring Laser Welding for Joining Plates and Pipes with Similar/Dissimilar Metals from Various Sources

Laser welding stands out as a distinctive technology for aluminum (Al) and cop-per (Cu) owing to its exceptional attributes, including high energy density, precise control, automation feasibility, and remote welding capabilities. Recognized for its precision and speed. Laser welding encompasses conventional, pulsed and continuous wave methods, each offering distinct advantages. This paper provides an overview of diverse laser welding techniques and their associated characterization methods. It investigates the impact of key process parameters and variations in setups. The characterization process involves the examination of mechanical properties, microstructure, and defects through the utilization of non-destructive testing methods. The integration of real-time monitoring and control systems is essential for ensuring the consistency and reliability of laser welding. The comprehensive insights presented in this abstract contribute significantly to optimizing and enhancing the widespread applicability of laser welding across various materials and industries.