Sustainable Urban Water Systems Design Incorporating Future Projections for Optimal Configuration

One of the biggest issues facing many nations worldwide is water scarcity; in this regard, several strategies for resource conservation and increasing the amount of water that is available through actions like process intensification and the use of alternative water sources have recently been proposed. Two practical solutions to accomplish these objectives are water harvesting and water reclamation. Nevertheless, there are currently no published methods that attempt to plan the distribution and storage of water over a multiyear period in a macroscopic system that considers both alternative and natural water sources. The best planning of water distribution and storage in a macroscopic system is done using a multi-period mathematical programming model that considers crucial elements including population expansion, changes in the value of money over time, and variations in precipitation patterns. A Mexican city was the example to which the presented model was applied. The findings demonstrate significant benefits in terms of sustainability and the economy.