Development of Eco-industrial Parks in Interaction with Adjacent Watershed

An eco-industrial park (EIP) could be used to integrate the water use and discharge for each clustered group of enterprises. To reduce the negative environmental effects of industrial effluents released into watersheds, this chapter presents a mathematical programming model for water integration in EIP. The model considers the establishment of several EIP as well as their size, location, and tasks. A material flow analysis (MFA) model was combined with water recycling techniques inside the industrial facilities and the related EIP to ascertain the impact of the discharges on the nearby watershed. The MFA tracks the effects of natural (physical, chemical, and biological) processes in the watershed on the fate and transport of pollutants and characterizes the interactions between separate discharges. To help with multi-plant water integration decisions while considering the watershed's effects, a multi-objective optimization formulation is devised. The objective function balances the reduction of the watershed's environmental effect with the reduction of the water-management system’s overall yearly cost, which includes the cost of fresh water, wastewater treatment, and the piping and pumping related to the eco-industrial parks. To demonstrate the applicability of the presented optimization strategy, an example is provided.