Ruskin’s Guild of St George, Yesterday and To-Day
摘要
Appointed Professor of Fine Art at Oxford in 1869, Ruskin needed some outlet for his social and economic concerns. He found it in his most daringly original work, Fors Clavigera, in which, despairing of a country ravaged by industrial capitalism, he announced the formation of the Guild of St George, which he dedicated to building an alternative. He found inspiration for the Guild in a painting of St. George killing the dragon, which he had recently discovered in Venice. The painter, Vittore Carpaccio, provided Ruskin with the imagery he needed: a fire-breathing monster causing waste and destruction and a young man dedicated to defending the innocent. This dragon must have reminded him of another which he had written of ten years before. It appears in J. M. W. Turner’s picture of the Garden of the Hesperides, and Ruskin characterizes it as “the evil spirit of wealth,” bringing ruin rather than prosperity. He notes that Carpaccio’s saint goes into battle without a helmet, permitting him to see and identify his adversary. When Ruskin founded a museum in Sheffield in 1875, it was his purpose to help others to see, which is still the purpose of today’s Guild. The Guild also inherits from Ruskin’s day 155 acres of land in the Wyre Forest in Worcestershire—woodland, farmland and orchard—which it stewards to the highest standards of sustainability and biodiversity. In this fact alone we see how easily Ruskin’s values can work in the modern world.